Инверсия в английском языке

Под инверсией следует понимать обратный порядок слов в английском предложении – а именно постановку глагола-сказуемого  / части сказуемого перед подлежащим. Инверсия используется в ряде ситуаций в английском языке. В английском языке инверсия используется для решения грамматических задач (к примеру, построение вопросов) и для передачи эмоций или расстановки смысловых акцентов. 

Случаи использования инверсии в английском предложении.

• Построение вопроса.

Всем известно, что для построения вопроса в английском языке, глагол (в т.ч. вспомогательный) необходимо вынести перед подлежащим.

Does he like cherry?  

Can you swim?

• Выражение согласия / несогласия после so, neither, nor.

So do I.

Neither did I.

Nor does he.

• После отрицательных наречий seldom, never, rarely and little.

Seldom has Molly seen such a beautiful landscape.

Rarely does Greg pay anyone a compliment.

Never have I felt so happy.

Little did the kid realize how dangerous his position was.

• После отрицательной  адвербиальной фразы в начале предложения.

Under no circumstances can we arrive at 6 pm. credit

In no way could he be saved.

Not until Mary heard her name did she believe she had won that race.

• После адвербиальной фразы, начинающейся с 'only' (только) и 'not only' (не только):

Only after the examination did I realize the importance of the subject.

Not only was the car slow, it was also absolutely uncomfortable.

Only when the plane landed safely did my mum calm down.

• После слов 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner' при описании последовательности действий.

Hardly had the speaker begun to speak when she was interrupted.

No sooner had the guests arrived at the wedding than they all started to argue.

 Scarcely had the family started their meal when the phone rang.

• В условных предложениях

В условных предложениях мы иногда можем заменить  'if' инверсией.

If Greg had known the contest would be so difficult he would never have enrolled.

Had Greg known the contest would be so difficult he would never have enrolled.

• В восклицаниях после 'here' and 'there' :

Here comes our winner!

There goes all the money!

• После фраз, начинающихся с not и стоящих в начале предложения.

Not for a moment did Jennifer think she would be offered that job.

Not till Sally got home did she realize her wallet was stolen.

Обратите внимание!

После следующих слов, мы будем наблюдать инверсию в первой части предложения:

Hardly, never, seldom,  rarely, only then, not only ... but, no sooner, scarcely, only later, nowhere, little, only in this way, in no way, on no account

Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.

Scarcely had Jill got off the bus when it crashed into the back of another bus.   

In no way could he agree with what Molly was saying.

При использовании следующих выражений инверсия наблюдается во второй части предложения.

Not until	Not until Megan saw Johnny with her own eyes did she really believe he was safe.
Not since	Not since Luck left college had he had such an amazing time.
Only after	Only after I had seen her new house  did I understand why she didn’t want  to live there.
Only when	Only when all the children had arrived home did the mother  feel relaxed.
Only by	Only by working extremely hard could we afford to buy that mansion.

 Другие случаи использования инверсии.

Использовать инверсию можно в следующих случаях

• После адвербиальной фразы указывающей на место или направление:

Round the corner came a bus.

On the table were delicious meals.

• Мы можем использовать инверсию в выражениях плана «so + adjective … that»

So delicious was the food that we ate every last bite.

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